Which of the following identifies the three states of matter?

The identification of the three states of matter as solid, liquid, and gas is foundational in the study of physics and chemistry. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with particles that are tightly packed together, giving them structure. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, with particles that are closely packed but can move past one another, allowing for fluidity. Gases have neither a definite shape nor a fixed volume; their particles are far apart and move freely, filling the available space.

Understanding these three states provides a basis for exploring concepts such as phase transitions, temperature effects, and pressure changes. This knowledge is essential for various applications in science and engineering, as it applies to everything from understanding biological systems to designing materials and processes.

In the other choices listed, while they contain valid states of matter like plasma or vapor, they do not represent the primary three fundamental states taught in introductory science courses, which are solid, liquid, and gas. Therefore, solid, liquid, and gas remains the correct response for identifying the basic states of matter.