Which component of the cell is responsible for energy production?

The mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse of the cell" because they are the primary site of energy production through the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, mitochondria convert nutrients, particularly glucose, into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency used by cells for various metabolic processes. This involves multiple steps that include glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, all of which take place within the mitochondria.

In contrast, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, the nucleus houses the cell’s genetic material and controls cellular activities, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell. While all these components are essential for cellular function, none are directly involved in the energy production process like the mitochondria are. This is why the correct choice clearly highlights the unique role of mitochondria in cellular energy production.