What is the definition of a hypothesis?

A hypothesis is defined as a proposed explanation for a phenomenon based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. In scientific research, it serves as a testable statement that can be supported or refuted through experiments and observations. This makes it a foundational component of the scientific method, guiding researchers in designing experiments to explore the validity of their idea.

In contrast, a proven fact based on experimentation refers to conclusions drawn after conducting thorough investigations, while a summary of observed data is simply a compilation of what has been recorded and noted during studies. A law that cannot be challenged suggests a level of certainty and universal acceptance that is not characteristic of a hypothesis, which is inherently tentative and subject to testing and revision. Thus, the proposed explanation encapsulated in the correct answer is crucial in advancing scientific knowledge through inquiry and experimentation.