What aspect is essential for the survival of all living things?

The survival of all living things fundamentally relies on the availability of water, air, and sunlight. Water is crucial as it is a key component for various biological processes, including cellular respiration and metabolic reactions. Air, which primarily consists of oxygen, is essential for aerobic organisms that rely on it for energy production through respiration. Sunlight provides the energy necessary for photosynthesis, which is the process through which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, forming the base of the food web and supporting life on Earth.

While soil and minerals are important for plant growth, and predator-prey relationships contribute to the dynamics of ecosystems, they are not universal requirements for the survival of all organisms. Some organisms thrive in unique environments where soil and traditional predator-prey dynamics do not apply, such as deep-sea vents or inside extreme environments. Thus, water, air, and sunlight encompass the fundamental resources needed by all living organisms, making this choice the most accurate and encompassing for the question posed.